BIO WASTE AND CHEMICAL EFFECTS ON SOIL HEALTH

Abstract

Consistently Indian warm force plants delivered in excess of 100 million tons of fly debris, which is relied upon to arrive at 175 million tons in close future1. Removal of this enormous amount of debris is an incredible issue because of its constrained use in assembling of blocks, concretes, roof and other common development exercises. This would additionally bring to changes in land-use example and add to land, water and environmental debasement, if legitimate administration choices for fly debris taking care of are not embraced. Utilization of fly debris in agribusiness gives an attainable option in contrast to its protected removal to improve the dirt condition and upgrade the yield efficiency. Fly ash contains several nutrients including S, B, Ca, Mg, Fe, Cu, Zn, Mn and P, which are beneficial for plant growth, as well as toxic metals such as Cr, Pb, Hg, Ni, V, As, and Ba. Its addition increases the availability of Na, K, Ca, Mg, B, SO4 and other nutrients except N.

In this study three industrial effluents (amino acid surfactant and pharmaceutical) are selected for investigating their effect on natural soils cohesive and locally available) and on commercial soils. It is concluded that: - The three chosen effluents namely amino acid, surfactant and pharmaceutical are found to possess unique characteristics. Amino acid effluent is very Sound to be very 'highly acidic' (pH = 3 to 4) and highly concentrated with respect to organic contents (COD - 19000 to 20000 mg/L). Hence it has the potential to destroy the physical properties and the geotechnical characteristics of a soil. Surfactant effluent has the tendency to form a 'scum' and 'impact imperviousness' to a soil mass. The above effluent is found to be of 'medium alkaline' in nature (pH = 6 to 12) and contain a 'higher concentration of COD' (10,200 to 14.500 mg/L) then the other two. Pharmaceutical effluent is found to be very 'highly acidic' (pH = 3 to 4) with extremely high concentration of total dissolved solids (TDS) in the range of 18,500-25,000 mg/L. The above effluent is categorized as 'highly toxic' due to the presence of antibiotics and its various intermediates (recalcitrant iii nature i.e., not easily degradable) which have the potential to completely destroy the nutrients and the beneficial microbes present in a soil mass. It has a tendency to take a very long duration of time for bio-transformation. To attain a stable state, due to the absence of supporting nutrients required for initiation and completion of biological reactions. The commercial soil kaolinite (CS) is classified as silt and clays of low compressibility (liquid limit = 33%) according to IS classification. The chosen natural soils (NS) are classified as silt and clays of high compressibility (liquid limit lies in the range of 60 -70), according to IS classification incidentally. The effect of all the industrial effluents on all the two soils considered are found to be Similar (i.e. show an increasing trend with time) with respect to liquid limit and plastic limit of the soils, after contamination. However, the effect of the above index properties on NS is found to be closer to the CS due to (artificial) contamination of all the effluents. The effect of all the industrial effluents, except, surfactant effluent on all the two soils are found to be similar (i.e. show an increasing trend with time) with respect to shrinkage limit of the soils after contamination. The effect of surfactant effluent on shrinkage limit of CS, NS are found to be insignificant. Whereas significant effect on shrinkage limit of CS and NS are observed. However, surfactant effluent induces a 'negative influence' on the soils CS and NS (i.e., shrinkage limit values becomes higher to lower) and hence, the soils become 'better to worse’ from the Geo technical perspective. It is suggested that the 'shrinkage limit test' may be used as a 'distinctive test' (among the index properties) to identify the effect of industrial effluents on soils. The impact of the considerable number of effluents is to expand the UCC estimations of all dirts up to 30 - 90 days of sullying and from there on to diminish 11 up to 180-200 days which is credited to the dirt toxin communication. The impact of all effluents on all the dirts considered is to lessen the UCC esteems by around 20 % (inside the time of tainting) Hence the dirt - poison association ought to be permitted to finish, before the quality qualities (for example UCC) are resolved and utilized for any designing judgment.